To understand the complex nature of the material behavior and to provide new constraints on theoretical models the physical and chemical properties of a wide range of elements and their compounds should be studied in-situat ultra-extreme pressure, temperature and stress conditions. In past three decades high pressure research has made breakthrough progress in many fields of science mainly due to significant improvements in both types of high-pressure vessels (diamond anvil cell and large volume press) and developments of advanced static and dynamic probes including, high spatial and energy resolution synchrotron-based and optical techniques.Most of the experiments at ultra-extreme P-T conditions are very challenging and require dedicated synchrotron beamlines, like GSECARS (Sector 13, Advanced Photon Source), where state-of-the-art high-pressure on- and off-line techniques have been implemented and are currently being developed. Recent progress in continues and pulse laser heating technique, including application of fiber lasers and flat top laser beam shaping optics, result in significant improvement of the quality of x-ray data collected in-situ at high pressures and high temperatures in the diamond anvil cell [1]. Combining the recently developed double stage anvils technique [2] with pulse laser heating [3] coupled with a new shutter-less large area CdTe 1M Pilatus detector and fast optical spectroscopy, we are be able to study materials in the TPa pressure range and temperatures up to 10,000K in both static and time-domain modes.
With these advanced techniques we have successfully studied a number of unique properties of elements and their compounds (e.g. metals, silicates, various polyhydrides, super-ionic phases etc.) synthesized at ultra-extreme conditions. Details of recent results and future developments of cutting-edge techniques for comprehensive characterization of materials in-situ at extreme conditions in view of planned 3rd generation synchrotron diffraction limited storage rings upgrade will be discussed.
Acknowledgments: This work was performed at GeoSoilEnviroCARS (The University of Chicago, Sector 13), Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory. GeoSoilEnviroCARS is supported by the National Science Foundation - Earth Sciences (EAR - 1634415) and Department of Energy- GeoSciences (DE-FG02-94ER14466). This research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
[1] V. Prakapenka, A. Kubo, A. Kuznetsov at al. High Pressure Research. 28 (3), 225-235 (2008)
[2] L. Dubrovinsky, N. Dubrovinskaia, V. Prakapenka et al. Nature Communications 3, 1163-1-1163-7 (2012)
[3] A. Goncharov, V. Prakapenka, V. Struzhkin et al. Review of Scientific Instruments, 81 (11), 113902-1-113902-5 (2010)